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HPA is used in manufacturing many products for which demand is growing rapidly, such as:

What makes HPA such a highly valued and sought-after material?

i) HPA is a critical ingredient in the manufacture of many high-growth products due to its unique combination of characteristics

• Chemically stable with high melting point
• Good thermal conductivity and high heat resistance
• Very hard with high mechanical strength
• Resistance to corrosion, abrasion and cracking
• Excellent electrical insulation and resistance
• High brightness

ii) In many applications such as the fabrication of semiconductors, HPA is the material of choice of a growing number of manufacturers.

iii) In the production of some products such as sapphire substrates for LEDs and sapphire glass for display screens there is no known substitute material for HPA.

How is HPA used?

• The largest consumption of HPA by volume today is in the manufacture of synthetic sapphire, a super-hard material used as a substrate in LED and semi-conductor production. There is no known substitute for HPA in the production of artificial sapphire.
• Demand for 4N HPA for LED production continues to grow as LEDs are more widely applied.
• Demand for 5N+ HPA for sapphire glass production is growing rapidly as this becomes the material of choice in display screens for portable electronic devices such as cell phones and smartwatches.

Market size by purity level

What new opportunities are there for HPA?

• A major growth area for HPA is in the production of separators for lithium Ion batteries. As these batteries are enlarged in size and capacity with corresponding increase in density to meet the ever-expanding demand for electric vehicles, the benefits of HPA in temperature control and safety are expected to drive demand far beyond current levels

Demand growth forecasts

• There is universal agreement among technology experts and market analysts that the global demand for HPA will accelerate
• Here is a survey of recent published industry forecasts (see table below)
• This survey shows a range of estimates for the compound annual growth rate for HPA over the coming years of 15 to 29%. A consensus projection based on these estimates would be about 20%
• Some analysts have suggested these projections may prove overly conservative if the lithium ion battery demand accelerates faster. Some analysts have also suggested the demand growth in North America will likely be higher than the global average.

Yava’s HPA Opportunity

• Demand for HPA is expected to grow faster than its supply
• This will put upward pressure on HPA prices
• Rising feedstock prices and environmental compliance costs will impact legacy producers
• Economic and environmental factors indicate that increases in supply will come from new plants using new process technologies and lower cost feedstocks
• Current HPA competition is concentrated in China, Japan and Korea, but is fragmented, with the largest of dozens of participant companies having only about a 17% share of the global market

The HPA market will be constrained by supply and cost, yielding a very attractive opportunity for new entrants that can add lower cost supply. Yava’s ability to produce very high quality 4N+ HPA will present exceptional opportunities to contribute to the rapidly expanding use of those materials in the lucrative Lithium Ion Battery and sapphire glass markets.